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 * [Amperite] time delay relays 

 * [Anton Electronic Laboratories] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters. 

 * [Aphex Systems Limited] 

 * [Andrew Corporation] 

 * [Arrakis Systems, Inc] 

 * [Audio Arts] 

 * [ATI] - Audio Technolgies Incorporated 

 * [Auditron|Upload:AudioTron.pdf] - Flyer for the ~AudioTron vacuum tube. About 1915-1916. 

 * [Auditronics] 

 * [Autogram] 

 * [Automated Broadcast Controls] 

 * [Belar Electronics Laboratory] - Modulation monitors. http://www.belar.com 

 * [Bell Telephone Laboratories] 

 * [Bext] 

 * [Bird Electronic Corporation] - RF wattmeters, etc. 

 * [Bosch] - Robert Bosch Corporation, Video Equipment Division 

 * [Broadcast Audio] 

 * [Broadcast Electronics] 

 * [Broadcast Television Systems] 

 * [Broadcast Tools] 

 * [Burk Technology] 

 * [Byer Industries] - Australian post WWII manufacturer of tape and disc recording and replay equipment. 

 * [California Microwave|Microwave Radio Corporation] 

 * [CBS Labs] 

 * [CCA] 

 * [Circuit Research Laboratories] 

 * [Clear-Com] 

 * [Collins Radio], including Rockwell Collins 

 * [Comtech Antenna Corporation] 

 * [Continental Electronics] 

 * [Consolidated Electronic Industries] - (CEI) Australian Open Reel and Cartridge Tape Machine manufacturer 

 * [Crown] - Audio amplifiers, crossovers, etc. 

 * [CSI] 

 * [Cutting Edge Technologies] 

 * [Dana Electronics] 

 * [Data Systems Design] 

 * [Dayton Industrial] 

 * [dbx] 

 * DeltaElectronics - Manufacturer of broadcast test and other broadcast equipment 

 * [Dolby Laboratories] 

 * [Dorrough Electronics] - http://www.dorrough.com, audio processors, loudness meters. 

 * [Dumont] 

 * [Eimac|EimacDivisionOfVarian] - Manufacturer of high power vacuum tubes 

 * [Electronics Research, Inc.] - FM antennae 

 * [Electrovoice] 

 * [Engineering Services] - FM antennae 

 * [ESE] 

 * [Extel] teleprinters 

 * [Federated Purchaser] - Catalogue from a Wholesale house supplying independant Radio Repair Businesses. 1936 catalogue. 

 * [Fidelipac] - Audio tape cartridges and machines 

 * [Frese and Kaping] - The Audio Pilot 

 * GatesAir - Broadcast transmitters. See [~GatesAir web site|https://www.gatesair.com/], GatesRadioCompany, and [Harris Corporation - Broadcast Division] 

 * GatesRadioCompany - Manufacturer of broadcast equipment. See also [Harris Corporation |http://www.broadcast.harris.com] and GatesAir 

 * GeneralElectric 

 * GeneralRadio - Manufacturer of test equipment 

 * [Gentner] 

 * [Gorman-Redlich] 

 * [Hallicrafters] 

 * [Hallikainen And Friends|HallikainenAndFriends] - Manufacturer of audio and telemetry equipment 

 * [Harman Kardon] 

 * [Heathkit] 

 * [Hewlett Packard] 

 * [Hollyanne] 

 * [Howe Technology|HoweTech] 

 * [ITA] 

 * [ITC] - International Tapetronics Corp - Cartridge Recorder/Players 

 * [Jampro Antenna] 

 * [Jennings] 

 * [E F Johnson|EfJohnson] 

 * [Kenwood] 

 * [Kyocera] 

 * [Langevin] 

 * [Larcan] including TTC 

 * [LPB] 

 * [Magnecord] 

 * [Machlett Laboratories] - Manufacturer of vacuum tubes 

 * [Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company] 

 * [Marantz] 

 * [Marti Electronics, Inc.] - RPU, STL, and remote control 

 * [McIntosh] Audio power amplifiers 

 * McMartin 

 * [Microcon] - FM Composite Stereo Processor 

 * [Microwave Radio Corporation] 

 * [Modulation Sciences] 

 * MoseleyAssociatesInc - Manufacturer of remote control, STL, TRL, and other broadcast equipment. See http://www.moseleysb.com/mb/ 

 * [Motorola] 

 * [Moulic Specialties Co.] - Tape cartridge machines. Appears to be predecessor to [Sonomag Corporation] 

 * [Mullard] - Manufacturer of electronic valves 

 * [Multronics] - high power inductors and RF contactors 

 * [National] - Manufacturer of receivers 

 * [NBC] - NBC designed some of its own equipment. A small collection is detailed here. 

 * NemsClarke - Manufacturer of field strength meters and antenna monitors 

 * [Neotek] audio consoles 

 * [Orban] 

 * [Otari] magnetic tape recorders 

 * [Pacific Recorders and Engineers] 

 * [Panasonic] 

 * [Philips] 

 * [Potomac Instruments] 

 * [Presto] disk recording equipment 

 * [Pultec] 

 * [QEI] 

 * [Radio Engineering Laboratories] 

 * [Radix] 

 * [RAMSA|Panasonic] 

 * [Raytheon] 

 * [Revox] 

 * [RCA] 

 * [Russco] 

 * [Rust Industrial Company, Inc.] 

 * [Scala] antennae 

 * [Scully] Audio tape equipment 

 * [SMC] or Sonomag Corporation - Program automation 

 * [Standard Electronics] division of [Radio Engineering Laboratories] 

 * [Standart Tape Laboratory] - Audio alignment tapes 

 * [Standard Telephones & Cables. Australia] 

 * [Studer] 

 * [Tapecaster] 

 * [Teac] 

 * [Technics] (Panasonic) 

 * [Tektronix] 

 * [Teletronix Engineering Company] 

 * [Telfax] Phone remote mixers also sold by Marti and BE 

 * [Tentel] 

 * [Tepco] FM translators 

 * [Texar] division of [Gentner] 

 * [TFT, Inc.] (Time & Frequency Technology, Inc.) - Frequency and modulation monitors, remote control, EAS. 

 * [Thompson-CSF] 

 * [TTC|Larcan] 

 * [3M] 

 * [Trimax] division of L M Ericsson Pty Ltd (Australia) - Manufacturer of transformers. 

 * [United Transformer Corporation] 

 * [UREI] 

 * [Victoreen Instrument Company] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters. 

 * [Warehouse Sound|Upload:harold/WarehouseSound.pdf] Professional Products Group catalog. Warehouse Sound was based here in San Luis Obispo. They were located in an old railroad warehouse ("Railroad Square") and sold mail order home stereo equipment (and professional products). They were quite successful during the days of Fair Trade laws, where manufacturers were allowed to set the retail prices of their products. These were generally state laws and did not apply to interstate sales, which many mail order sales were. Warehouse Sound was sold a little before the disappearance of the Fair Trade Laws. This is the 1974 Professional Products catalog. It runs 610MB, so be patient! Another catalog is available [here|https://imgur.com/r/audiophile/xN3FY]. 

  * Cliff Branch, one of the founders of Warehouse Sound, writes about it [here|http://americanmadestory.com/03_no_fear_of_failure/index.html] 

  * [Rolling Stone Article on Warehouse Sound|http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/how-to-get-hi-fied-a-hundred-miles-from-nowhere-19770908] 

 * [Wegener Communications] 

 * WesternElectric and the Bell System Journals because they relate to broadcasting 1922-1983 and the history of communications. SBA 

 * [Westinghouse] 

 * [Wheatstone Corporation] 

  

 ! [Historic Papers] 

 Papers by the people who made broadcasting possible. A collection of papers on technology. Quite a few early papers on AM, FM, and TV. 

  

  

 ! [Station Histories] 

 Contributed station histories and links to others. 

  

 * http://www.ebaman.com/ - Various contributed manuals for electronics, computers, home electronics, motors, etc. 

 * [Liberated Manuals|http://www.liberatedmanuals.com/] - Extensive collection of military manuals. 

 * [PDF Manuals|http://www.pdf-manuals.com/] - Tektronix test equipment manuals for sale. 

 * [One Electron Archive|http://www.one-electron.com/Archives.html] - Extensive collection of manuals and vacuum tube data. 

 * [Radio Era|http://www.radioera.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=2] - Over 150,000 original factory instruction and service manuals from 1915 - 1985 

 * [Radio Gear Guide|http://www.radiogearguide.com/] - Links to manufacturer provided manual pages. 

 * [Radio Papers|http://www.radiopapers.net/] - Manuals and papers from broadcast equipment manufacturers and consultants. 

 * [Rider's Perpetual Troubleshooters|http://hertzmail.com/Riders-vols/] - Receiver schematics and service info for 1920s through 1954. 

 * [SafeManuals|http://safemanuals.com/] - Consumer product manuals. 

 * [A. G. Tannenbaum|https://www.slimandtone.com/] - Manuals for sale 

 * Donna Halper's History of Broadcasting [Links|http://www.donnahalper.com/History.html] - includes The Story of Jewish Comedians in America, The Short Course by Donna Halper, Donna Halper and The Rush Discovery Story, Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, African Americans and Early Radio by Donna Halper, Milestones of the Radio Age, Radio in 1939 - Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, Broadcasting History Articles by Elizabeth ~McLeod, John Sheppard III, Some History by Donna Halper, A Radio First in Vinton Iowa by Donna Halper, Rembering the Ladies, A Salute to the Women of Early Radio. 

 * [Early Radio|http://www.durenberger.com/resources/ER.htm] - Extensive collection of documents at http://www.durenberger.com/ . 

 * [Edwin Howard Armstrong|http://www.fathom.com/course/10701020/sessions.html] - FM Inventor - History at Columbia University. 

 * [Armmstrong Archive Blog|https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/armstrongpapers/] - Columbia University is catalogging Armstrong's papers. Ideally they'll scan them andmake them available. Meanwhile, tidbits are available here. 

 * [FCC Audio Division Collected Engineering Documents|http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/decdoc/engrser.html] contains an extensive collection of documents showing the history of radio broadcasting. These include documents on early AM and FM broadcasting, and the Radio Service Bulletins from 1915. 

 * [FCC Radio Pioneers|http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/radio/] - The Ideas that Made Radio Possible, The Power that Made Radio Realistic, The Quality that Made Radio Popular 

 * [FM Broadcasting Chronology|http://jeff560.tripod.com/chronofm.html] - This page shows some of the events in the early history of FM broadcasting in the United States. Note that apex stations referred to on this page used amplitude modulation on VHF frequencies; many of them evolved into FM stations. For dates involving the earliest stations, see also the "earliest FM stations" page at this website. 

 * [Gates Harris History|http://gates-harris-history.com/] - Great archive of Gates newsletters back to 1935 

 * [History of UHF Television|http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-history-of-uhf-tv.html] - Excellent collection of artifacts from [Histor's Dumpster|http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/] 

 * [Jonz Valve Page|http://www.thevalvepage.com/] - Extensive photo galleries and restoration info for old radios and televisions. 

 * [~LabGuy's World|http://www.labguysworld.com/] - EXTENSIVE collection of consumer video tape recorders with excellent links to other video sites. 

 * [Living Test Patterns: The Models Who Calibrated Color TV|http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/06/miss-color-tv/396266/] - The white women known in the 1950s as “Miss Color TV” reinforced longstanding hierarchies of gender and race that were built into generations of technologies. The article also details the battle between CBS and RCA for the color television standard. 

 * [Narrow Band Television Association|http://www.nbtv.org/] - Early television, especially mechanically scanned. 

 * [North Beach Media|http://northbeachmedia.com/Production.html] has a nice collection of photos of vintage television equipment. Scroll down the page to the photo gallery, then select a "vintage" area in the drop down menu. 

 * [NTSC-TV|http://www.ntsc-tv.com/] has extensive technical information on the US analog television transmission system and its development. 

 * [Old Boys|http://www.vtoldboys.com/] The 'Oldboys' web site began in 1998 which was the 40th 'birthday' of videotape in the BBC, and so it seemed appropriate to commemorate this with a small collection of pictures from the various decades. Since then it has expanded somewhat to over 1500 pages and 2400 pictures and, in November 2008, we celebrated our tenth birthday. 

 Descriptions of military radio equipment and networks. 

  

 ! Museums 

 This section tries to identify technology museums you can actually visit. 

 * [California Historical Radio Society|https://www.californiahistoricalradio.com/], Alameda CA. The California Historical Radio Society (CHRS) is a non-profit educational organization founded in 1974 to promote the preservation, restoration, research and publication of early radio and broadcasting history. CHRS publishes an excellent journal. 

 * [Computer History Museum|http://www.computerhistory.org/], Mountain View, CA - preserves and presents for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience. 

 * [Early Television Foundation & Museum|http://www.earlytelevision.org/] in Ohio. Site has nice images of televisions back to 1928. Has images from a Baird mechanical receiver. Lotsa stuff! 

 * [JKL Museum of Telephony|http://jklmuseum.com/] - The American Museum of Telephony (AMoT), known familiarly as the JKL Museum, is dedicated to the preservation of all aspects of telephony. 

 * [Maritime Radio Historical Society|http://www.radiomarine.org/] - Morse radiotelegraph station. Transmitter site in Bolinas CA. Receive site in Pt. Reyes Station CA. 

  

 ! #[Police Radio] 

 * [Early Motorola Land Mobile|http://www.mbay.net/~wb6nvh/Motadata.htm] - History of Motorola mobile radio equipment, largely used by police agencies. Includes links to pages on California Highway Patrol radio history. 

 * [Los Angeles Police Radio|https://web.archive.org/web/20150624074531/http://harrymarnell.net/kma367.htm] and [KGPL|https://web.archive.org/web/20150525052156/http://harrymarnell.net/elysian.htm], Elysian Park transmitter site (1931) 

 * [Broadcast News Number 1, October 1931.|Upload:RcaBroadcastNewsOct1931.pdf] - description of a police radio system. Original courtesy of Tom Friedman. 8.756M 

  

 ! Recording (audio, video, etc.) 

 * [Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction] article on sound recording. 

 * [Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video#Recording_formats_before_video_tape] notes on video recording. 

  * [Bell Systems Technical Journal|https://archive.org/details/bstj-archives] at Internet Archive 

 * [Cedar Knol Telephone & Telegraph Company|http://www.voicenet.com/~pdwills/] - A Reconstruction of a Typical Pennsylvania Railroad Wire Chief's Office along with other examples of telephone technology. 

 * [Bruce Crawford Memorial Switching Documentation Library|http://www.switchersquarterly.org/library.htm] - Extensive telephone equipment documentation. 

 * [Car Phone|http://www.wb6nvh.com/Carphone.htm] - THE MOBILE TELEPHONE IN BELL SYSTEM SERVICE, 1946-1993. These pages are a history of the car telephone as used by the Bell System and its affiliates from the beginnings in 1946 through the end of IMTS telephone product production, although many IMTS car telephone radio systems continued on the air through the late 1990's and some are still on the air in Canada and Pennsylvania. 

 * [Electromagnetic Telegraph|https://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tel/morse/morse.htm]- A nice history of the telegraph. 

 * [ESS, The First CO|https://www.tapinto.net/towns/roxbury/articles/succasunna-1965-the-wedding-of-phones-and-compu] - Newspaper article about the first ESS1 CO in 1965. Links to some videos including one by Western Electric on the ESS. 

 * [Evolution of the Dial Phone|http://www.arctos.com/dial/] traces the history of the dial telephone from 1919 through 1965. Photos of a bunch of telephones through history. 

 * [Central Office|http://www.thecentraloffice.com/] - Photos and brief histories of US telco central offices. 

 * [Hang Up|https://vimeo.com/95554820] - A movie about New York payphones. 

 * [History of Phone Phreaking|http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/index.php] - Contains several articles on telephone signaling. 

 * [Independent Telecommunications Pioneer Association|http://www.nationalitpa.com/index.html] - ITPA is the volunteer organization created by and for the independent telecommunications industry.Dedicated to community service, ITPA has been serving the public on behalf of telecommunications companies for over 95 years. ITPA represents over 9,000 telecommunications employees and retirees nationwide. Today Pioneers continue to open exciting new lines of communication and community service throughout the United States. 

 * [ITU|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qv5xw4fsh8] - 1966 film about the International Telecommunications Union 

 * [JKL Museum of Telephony|http://jklmuseum.com/] - The American Museum of Telephony (AMoT), known familiarly as the JKL Museum, is dedicated to the preservation of all aspects of telephony. 

 * [Manufacture Discontinued|http://www.manufacturediscontinued.com/] - This site is dedicated to the study and appreciation of the telephones of the 1950's, 60's and 70's, especially those made by the Western Electric company for the Bell System in America. I'm Adam Forrest, and I like telephones, especially the Western Electric telephones of the fifties, sixties and seventies. Although I'm a computer programmer and web designer now, I spent the bulk of my younger days learning about, and then installing and repairing telephones and small PBXs. This site is a collection of some of the things I enjoy looking at, I guess it's sort of a telephone collector's blog. I hope you enjoy looking at these phones too 

 * [Morse Code’s Vanquished Competitor: The Dial Telegraph|https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/standards/morse-codes-vanquished-competitor-the-dial-telegraph] - In 1842, French watchmaker Louis-François Breguet invented a simpler to use but less efficient alternative 

 * [Museum of Communications|http://www.museumofcommunications.org/] in Seattle Washington. Extensive collection of customer premises equipment, central office equipment, and outside plant. More photos available [here|http://www.privateline.com/Seattlemuseum/index.html]. 

 * New York Times 

  * [Automatic Phones Soon To Work Here|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F02E4DD1E3EEE3ABC4A52DFB5668389639EDE], March 12, 1922. Describes the conversion of 1,000,000 phones in New York City to dial operation. "While no telephone girls will lose their positions because of the introduction of automatic machinery, the force will eventually be reduced, but not so rapidly as the girls now leave the service to get married or take other jobs" 

  * [Dial Phone System Meets Sunday Test|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=940CE5D91E39EF3ABC4E52DFB6678389639EDE], October 16, 1922 

  * [Automatic Phones Start Saturday|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 8, 1922 

  * [Niagra Power May Come Here By Radio|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 16, 1922. Vacuum tubes are replacing high frequency alternators for wireless telegraph transmission. Describes the introduction of water cooled tubes. Speculates that power may be transmitted by radio instead of wires. 

 * [Panel Switchman's Photo Stream|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/] - Extensive collection of photos from the 1920s on. Shows manual switchboards, step, crossbar, panel, and ESS. [slideshow|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/show/] 

 * [Payphone Project|http://www.payphone-project.com/] - Photos and stories about payphones. Also a payphone number database. 

 * [Pulse of the World|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fu6-jrzOyM&feature=youtu.be] - 1924 Mackay System documentary. Great silent video showing operation of the Mackay telegraph system. Shows land and undersea cable installation and repair. Shows operators and a bunch of other great stuff. 

 * [Pushbutton Calling with a Two-
Group Voice Frequency Code|Upload:harold/dtmf_bell_labs.pdf], L. Schenker, Bell Labs Technical Journal, January 1960. Described the design considerations for DTMF (Touch Tone&reg;) signalling. 

 * [Private Line Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/history.html] including POTS, wireless, Bell Labs, exchange name history, party lines, Strowger switches, early radio, radar, triode vacuum tube history, etc. 

 * [Phone Trips|http://www.wideweb.com/phonetrips/] - Extensive recordings of the sounds heard during the progress of call completion through various types of switches. Most recordings made in the 1960s and 1970s. 

 * [Telecom History Group|http://www.telcomhistory.org/] proudly preserves and shares the rich heritage of an industry that has had and continues to have a huge impact on our society, our culture, and most of all, our ability to communicate. THG has museums in Denver CO and Seattle WA. 

 * [Telephone Collectors International|http://www.telephonecollectors.org/] - the international organization of collectors of old telephone equipment. 

  * [Telephone Collectors International Document Library|http://www.telephonecollectors.info/] - Extensive collection, including Bell Systems Practices 

 * [Telephone Tribute|http://www.telephonetribute.com/] You'll find all sorts of telephone related web pages here on the history of the telephone, technical information, research resources, human interest stories, clubs, pictures, sound files, links, etc. 

 * [The Coming of the Dial|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFbRvAuJkXg] - 1933 video 

 * [The Independent|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NF_SQCTeYk] - 1957 film promoting independent telephone companies. Shows a cutover to a new step exchange. 

 * [This Is A Recording|https://www.thisisarecording.com/index.html] - EXTENSIVE collection of recordings of telephone automated messages (wrong number, etc.) 

 * [United States Military Telegraph|http://www.unitedstatesmilitarytelegraph.org/contents.html] - Site contains extensive documentation on telegraph use during the US Civil War and developments leading up to that point. 

 * [Western Union Alumni|http://www.westernunionalumni.com/] - LOTS of stuff on Western Union, the nation's telegraph company since 1851. 

 * [Western Union Technical Review|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/] - Published 1947 through 1969. The technology of telegraphy, including multiplexing, switching, transmission, etc. 

  * [New American Code for Information Interchange|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/18-2/p050.htm] - April 1964. Introduces the newly adopted ASCII code 

 * Tom Farley's [Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/TelephoneHistory/History1.htm] pages. 

 * [Western Union's Microwave Relay Terminal in Washington DC|http://blog.historian4hire.net/2010/12/03/wutco-tenley/] 

 * [The Charles Babbage Institute|http://www.cbi.umn.edu/index.html] - The Charles Babbage Institute (CBI) is an archives and research center dedicated to preserving the history of information technology and promoting and conducting research in the field. 

 * [Computer Conservation Society|http://cedarsgw2.leeds.ac.uk/ccs/] - Conserving the UK computer heritage. 

 * http://www.computer-history.info/ - Stories of the Development of Large Scale Scientific Computing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 

 * [Computer History Museum|http://www.computerhistory.org], Mountain View, CA - preserves and presents for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience. 

 * [Eckert Tapes|http://www.computerworld.com/hardwaretopics/hardware/mainframes/story/0,10801,108790,00.html?from=story%5Fkc] - Transcript of interview with J. Presper Eckert, one of the developers of the ENIAC, the first all electronic digital computer (with 18,000 vacuum tubes). Computerworld, February 20, 2006 

 * [CPU Shack|http://www.cpushack.com/] - CPU History Museum for Intel CPUs, AMD Processor, Cyrix Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and more. 

 * [Report on the Eniac|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/46eniac-report/index.html], developed under the supervision of the Ordnance Department, United States Army. June 1, 1946. Detailed description of the ENIAC. 

 * [fourmilab.ch|http://www.fourmilab.ch/sitemap.html#history] - Univac history, Babbage Analytical Engine, and a history of AutoCAD 

 * [Classic Tek|http://classictek.org/] - WONDERFUL site full of manuals, photos, video, and other info on Tektronix. 

 * [Derek's Virtual Slide Rule Gallery|http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/] - Real nice simulations of slide rules! 

 * [Einstein Papers Project|http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/] - The collected papers of Albert Einstein. 

 * [Hearing Aid Museum|http://www.hearingaidmuseum.com/] - From ear trumpets to carbon microphones to vacuum tubes, to transistors, to digital signal processors. Hearing aids have changed over the years. 

 * [Kight Kit|https://knightkit.com/] - Home of the Knight Kit Wireless Broadcaster 

 * [Mark Cselle's History of Technology Page|http://technology.niagarac.on.ca/staff/mcsele/history.htm] - Extensive information on history of power generation, telephone, computers, vacuum tubes, etc.. 

 * [Mike's Electric Stuff|http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/] has a nice collection of info on vaccum tubes, Nixies, and more. 

 * [The Oughtred Society|http://www.oughtred.org/] - The Oughtred Society was founded in 1991 by a group of slide rule collectors and is dedicated to the preservation and history of slide rules and other calculating instruments. In the past fourteen years it has evolved to an international organization with members in 22 countries. It is noted for its highly acclaimed Journal of the Oughtred Society, 

 * [Radio Shack Catalogs|http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/] - Excellent collection of Radio Shack print catalogs from the first 1939 catalog through 2003. 

 * [Semiconductor Museum|http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm] - Great collection of photographs and oral histories of the developments of semiconductors. For example, an oral history describes the development of the 2N2222, which was released in 1962 and is still being designed into products today. 

 * [Southwest Museum of Engineering,Communications and Computation|http://www.smecc.org/] - A very extensive collection of physical and online resources. 

 * [Spark Bang Buzz|http://sparkbangbuzz.com/] - While not truly history, it does tell you how to build many devices from history. Projects include several based on zinc negative resistance, copper oxide thermo electric generator, magnetic amplifiers, an 80m transmitter built around a 2N3904, an alcohol flame triode amplifier, home made CRT tube, arc transmitters, home made coherer, home made vacuum tube triode, sound modulated LED, laser, and flashlight, etc. Fun stuff! 

 * Telharmonium - The Telharmonium (also known as the Dynamophone) was an early electronic musical instrument, developed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897. The Telharmonium was intended to be listened to using telephone receivers. 

  * [Wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telharmonium] 

  * [Magic Music From The Telharmonium Documentary|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPlbXl81Rs0] on ~YouTube 

 * [Tesla Wardenclyffe Project|http://www.teslascience.org/] - mission is the preservation and adaptive reuse of Wardenclyffe, the century-old laboratory of electrical pioneer Nikola Tesla located in Shoreham, Long Island, New York. 

 * [Tube Books dot Org|http://www.tubebooks.org/] - Herein you will find a collection of vintage engineering texts, vacuum tube datasheets, and other obsolete information, presented free of charge and without annoying advertisements. 

 * http://www.pat2pdf.org/ - Free online conversions of USPTO patent images to pdf for easy viewing. Just supply the patent number. 

 * [Watthourmeters.com|http://watthourmeters.com/] - An online reference to US made watthour meters. 

 * [Weston Engineering Notes|http://www.slbench.com/Home/westonengineeringnotes-1] - "Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, founded in 1888, is responsible for many important developments in the electrical engineering field. Several years ago, I came across a 3 year collection of Weston Engineering Notes starting in 1946. This was a far different time and many of the things we take for granted today weren't even dreams of the future yet. Clicking the above logo will give you an enlarged sketch of an engineer's desk. Engineering and physics books (complete with log tables) close at hand. The ever present slide rule, a sharp pencil, drafting triangle and the all-important eraser being important tools of the trade. A tube and a large can capacitor are part of a current project. An analog meter waiting to prove or dis-prove the latest theory. The pipe to be used while pondering the latest developments and speculating about the future." 

 <br> 

 <br> 

  

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 <b>Contribute</b><br> 

  

  

 If you did not scan the material yourself, please obtain permission and credit the person who did. If you find appropriate information on another website, it'd be best to link to that site instead of copying material from it (especially without permission). 

  

 <b>About Copyright</b> 

  

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 <?plugin UpLoad ?> 

 These pages are dedicated to preserving a historical record of broadcast equipment. Others are doing an excellent job in recording other aspects of the history of broadcasting. As we find them, we'll add links to them. This site consists of scanned manuals and catalogs of broadcast equipment. In October 2005, the site was changed from hand coded HTML to a wiki so you can now edit pages, add pages, add scans, etc. 

  

  

 <b>Broadcast Equipment</b> 

 *[Anton Electronic Laboratories] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters. 

 *[Aphex Systems Limited] 

 *[Andrew Corporation] 

 *[Arrakis Systems, Inc] 

 !!! Saving History From The Dumpster! 

  

  

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 * [Amperite] time delay relays 

 * [Anton Electronic Laboratories] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters. 

 * [Aphex Systems Limited] 

 * [Andrew Corporation] 

 * [Arrakis Systems, Inc] 

 * [Audio Arts] 

 * [ATI] - Audio Technolgies Incorporated 

 * [Auditron|Upload:AudioTron.pdf] - Flyer for the ~AudioTron vacuum tube. About 1915-1916. 

 * [Auditronics] 

 * [Autogram] 

 * [Automated Broadcast Controls] 

 * [Belar Electronics Laboratory] - Modulation monitors. http://www.belar.com 

 * [Bell Telephone Laboratories] 

 * [Bext] 

 * [Bird Electronic Corporation] - RF wattmeters, etc. 

 * [Bosch] - Robert Bosch Corporation, Video Equipment Division 

 * [Broadcast Audio] 

 * [Broadcast Electronics] 

 * [Broadcast Television Systems] 

 * [Broadcast Tools] 

 * [Burk Technology] 

 * [Byer Industries] - Australian post WWII manufacturer of tape and disc recording and replay equipment. 

 * [California Microwave|Microwave Radio Corporation] 

 * [CBS Labs] 

 * [CCA] 

 * [Circuit Research Laboratories] 

 * [Clear-Com] 

 * [Collins Radio], including Rockwell Collins 

 * [Comtech Antenna Corporation] 

 * [Continental Electronics] 

 * [Consolidated Electronic Industries] - (CEI) Australian Open Reel and Cartridge Tape Machine manufacturer 

 * [Crown] - Audio amplifiers, crossovers, etc. 

 * [CSI] 

 * [Cutting Edge Technologies] 

 * [Dana Electronics] 

 * [Data Systems Design] 

 * [Dayton Industrial] 

 * [dbx] 

 * DeltaElectronics - Manufacturer of broadcast test and other broadcast equipment 

 * [Dolby Laboratories] 

 * [Dorrough Electronics] - http://www.dorrough.com, audio processors, loudness meters. 

 * [Dumont] 

 * [Eimac|EimacDivisionOfVarian] - Manufacturer of high power vacuum tubes 

 * [Electronics Research, Inc.] - FM antennae 

 * [Electrovoice] 

 * [Engineering Services] - FM antennae 

 * [ESE] 

 * [Extel] teleprinters 

 * [Federated Purchaser] - Catalogue from a Wholesale house supplying independant Radio Repair Businesses. 1936 catalogue. 

 * [Fidelipac] - Audio tape cartridges and machines 

 * [Frese and Kaping] - The Audio Pilot 

 * GatesAir - Broadcast transmitters. See [~GatesAir web site|https://www.gatesair.com/], GatesRadioCompany, and [Harris Corporation - Broadcast Division] 

 * GatesRadioCompany - Manufacturer of broadcast equipment. See also [Harris Corporation |http://www.broadcast.harris.com] and GatesAir 

 * GeneralElectric 

 * GeneralRadio - Manufacturer of test equipment 

 * [Gentner] 

 * [Gorman-Redlich] 

 * [Hallicrafters] 

 * [Hallikainen And Friends|HallikainenAndFriends] - Manufacturer of audio and telemetry equipment 

 * [Harman Kardon] 

 * [Heathkit] 

 * [Hewlett Packard] 

 * [Hollyanne] 

 * [Howe Technology|HoweTech] 

 * [ITA] 

 * [ITC] - International Tapetronics Corp - Cartridge Recorder/Players 

 * [Jampro Antenna] 

 * [Jennings] 

 * [E F Johnson|EfJohnson] 

 * [Kenwood] 

 * [Kyocera] 

 * [Langevin] 

 * [Larcan] including TTC 

 * [LPB] 

 * [Magnecord] 

 * [Machlett Laboratories] - Manufacturer of vacuum tubes 

 * [Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company] 

 * [Marantz] 

 * [Marti Electronics, Inc.] - RPU, STL, and remote control 

 * [McIntosh] Audio power amplifiers 

 * McMartin 

 * [Microcon] - FM Composite Stereo Processor 

 * [Microwave Radio Corporation] 

 * [Modulation Sciences] 

 * MoseleyAssociatesInc - Manufacturer of remote control, STL, TRL, and other broadcast equipment. See http://www.moseleysb.com/mb/ 

 * [Motorola] 

 * [Moulic Specialties Co.] - Tape cartridge machines. Appears to be predecessor to [Sonomag Corporation] 

 * [Mullard] - Manufacturer of electronic valves 

 * [Multronics] - high power inductors and RF contactors 

 * [National] - Manufacturer of receivers 

 * [NBC] - NBC designed some of its own equipment. A small collection is detailed here. 

 * NemsClarke - Manufacturer of field strength meters and antenna monitors 

 * [Neotek] audio consoles 

 * [Orban] 

 * [Otari] magnetic tape recorders 

 * [Pacific Recorders and Engineers] 

 * [Panasonic] 

 * [Philips] 

 * [Potomac Instruments] 

 * [Presto] disk recording equipment 

 * [Pultec] 

 * [QEI] 

 * [Radio Engineering Laboratories] 

 * [Radix] 

 * [RAMSA|Panasonic] 

 * [Raytheon] 

 * [Revox] 

 * [RCA] 

 * [Russco] 

 * [Rust Industrial Company, Inc.] 

 * [Scala] antennae 

 * [Scully] Audio tape equipment 

 * [SMC] or Sonomag Corporation - Program automation 

 * [Standard Electronics] division of [Radio Engineering Laboratories] 

 * [Standart Tape Laboratory] - Audio alignment tapes 

 * [Standard Telephones & Cables. Australia] 

 * [Studer] 

 * [Tapecaster] 

 * [Teac] 

 * [Technics] (Panasonic) 

 * [Tektronix] 

 * [Teletronix Engineering Company] 

 * [Telfax] Phone remote mixers also sold by Marti and BE 

 * [Tentel] 

 * [Tepco] FM translators 

 * [Texar] division of [Gentner] 

 * [TFT, Inc.] (Time & Frequency Technology, Inc.) - Frequency and modulation monitors, remote control, EAS. 

 * [Thompson-CSF] 

 * [TTC|Larcan] 

 * [3M] 

 * [Trimax] division of L M Ericsson Pty Ltd (Australia) - Manufacturer of transformers. 

 * [United Transformer Corporation] 

 * [UREI] 

 * [Victoreen Instrument Company] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters. 

 * [Warehouse Sound|Upload:harold/WarehouseSound.pdf] Professional Products Group catalog. Warehouse Sound was based here in San Luis Obispo. They were located in an old railroad warehouse ("Railroad Square") and sold mail order home stereo equipment (and professional products). They were quite successful during the days of Fair Trade laws, where manufacturers were allowed to set the retail prices of their products. These were generally state laws and did not apply to interstate sales, which many mail order sales were. Warehouse Sound was sold a little before the disappearance of the Fair Trade Laws. This is the 1974 Professional Products catalog. It runs 610MB, so be patient! Another catalog is available [here|https://imgur.com/r/audiophile/xN3FY]. 

  * Cliff Branch, one of the founders of Warehouse Sound, writes about it [here|http://americanmadestory.com/03_no_fear_of_failure/index.html] 

  * [Rolling Stone Article on Warehouse Sound|http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/how-to-get-hi-fied-a-hundred-miles-from-nowhere-19770908] 

 * [Wegener Communications] 

 * WesternElectric and the Bell System Journals because they relate to broadcasting 1922-1983 and the history of communications. SBA 

 * [Westinghouse] 

 * [Wheatstone Corporation] 

  

 ! [Historic Papers] 

 Papers by the people who made broadcasting possible. A collection of papers on technology. Quite a few early papers on AM, FM, and TV. 

  

  

 ! [Station Histories] 

 Contributed station histories and links to others. 

  

 * http://www.ebaman.com/ - Various contributed manuals for electronics, computers, home electronics, motors, etc. 

 * [Liberated Manuals|http://www.liberatedmanuals.com/] - Extensive collection of military manuals. 

 * [PDF Manuals|http://www.pdf-manuals.com/] - Tektronix test equipment manuals for sale. 

 * [One Electron Archive|http://www.one-electron.com/Archives.html] - Extensive collection of manuals and vacuum tube data. 

 * [Radio Era|http://www.radioera.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=2] - Over 150,000 original factory instruction and service manuals from 1915 - 1985 

 * [Radio Gear Guide|http://www.radiogearguide.com/] - Links to manufacturer provided manual pages. 

 * [Radio Papers|http://www.radiopapers.net/] - Manuals and papers from broadcast equipment manufacturers and consultants. 

 * [Rider's Perpetual Troubleshooters|http://hertzmail.com/Riders-vols/] - Receiver schematics and service info for 1920s through 1954. 

 * [SafeManuals|http://safemanuals.com/] - Consumer product manuals. 

 * [A. G. Tannenbaum|https://www.slimandtone.com/] - Manuals for sale 

 * Donna Halper's History of Broadcasting [Links|http://www.donnahalper.com/History.html] - includes The Story of Jewish Comedians in America, The Short Course by Donna Halper, Donna Halper and The Rush Discovery Story, Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, African Americans and Early Radio by Donna Halper, Milestones of the Radio Age, Radio in 1939 - Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, Broadcasting History Articles by Elizabeth ~McLeod, John Sheppard III, Some History by Donna Halper, A Radio First in Vinton Iowa by Donna Halper, Rembering the Ladies, A Salute to the Women of Early Radio. 

 * [Early Radio|http://www.durenberger.com/resources/ER.htm] - Extensive collection of documents at http://www.durenberger.com/ . 

 * [Edwin Howard Armstrong|http://www.fathom.com/course/10701020/sessions.html] - FM Inventor - History at Columbia University. 

 * [Armmstrong Archive Blog|https://blogs.cul.columbia.edu/armstrongpapers/] - Columbia University is catalogging Armstrong's papers. Ideally they'll scan them andmake them available. Meanwhile, tidbits are available here. 

 * [FCC Audio Division Collected Engineering Documents|http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/decdoc/engrser.html] contains an extensive collection of documents showing the history of radio broadcasting. These include documents on early AM and FM broadcasting, and the Radio Service Bulletins from 1915. 

 * [FCC Radio Pioneers|http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/radio/] - The Ideas that Made Radio Possible, The Power that Made Radio Realistic, The Quality that Made Radio Popular 

 * [FM Broadcasting Chronology|http://jeff560.tripod.com/chronofm.html] - This page shows some of the events in the early history of FM broadcasting in the United States. Note that apex stations referred to on this page used amplitude modulation on VHF frequencies; many of them evolved into FM stations. For dates involving the earliest stations, see also the "earliest FM stations" page at this website. 

 * [Gates Harris History|http://gates-harris-history.com/] - Great archive of Gates newsletters back to 1935 

 * [History of UHF Television|http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-history-of-uhf-tv.html] - Excellent collection of artifacts from [Histor's Dumpster|http://historysdumpster.blogspot.com/] 

 * [Jonz Valve Page|http://www.thevalvepage.com/] - Extensive photo galleries and restoration info for old radios and televisions. 

 * [~LabGuy's World|http://www.labguysworld.com/] - EXTENSIVE collection of consumer video tape recorders with excellent links to other video sites. 

 * [Living Test Patterns: The Models Who Calibrated Color TV|http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/06/miss-color-tv/396266/] - The white women known in the 1950s as “Miss Color TV” reinforced longstanding hierarchies of gender and race that were built into generations of technologies. The article also details the battle between CBS and RCA for the color television standard. 

 * [Narrow Band Television Association|http://www.nbtv.org/] - Early television, especially mechanically scanned. 

 * [North Beach Media|http://northbeachmedia.com/Production.html] has a nice collection of photos of vintage television equipment. Scroll down the page to the photo gallery, then select a "vintage" area in the drop down menu. 

 * [NTSC-TV|http://www.ntsc-tv.com/] has extensive technical information on the US analog television transmission system and its development. 

 * [Old Boys|http://www.vtoldboys.com/] The 'Oldboys' web site began in 1998 which was the 40th 'birthday' of videotape in the BBC, and so it seemed appropriate to commemorate this with a small collection of pictures from the various decades. Since then it has expanded somewhat to over 1500 pages and 2400 pictures and, in November 2008, we celebrated our tenth birthday. 

 Descriptions of military radio equipment and networks. 

  

 ! Museums 

 This section tries to identify technology museums you can actually visit. 

 * [California Historical Radio Society|https://www.californiahistoricalradio.com/], Alameda CA. The California Historical Radio Society (CHRS) is a non-profit educational organization founded in 1974 to promote the preservation, restoration, research and publication of early radio and broadcasting history. CHRS publishes an excellent journal. 

 * [Computer History Museum|http://www.computerhistory.org/], Mountain View, CA - preserves and presents for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience. 

 * [Early Television Foundation & Museum|http://www.earlytelevision.org/] in Ohio. Site has nice images of televisions back to 1928. Has images from a Baird mechanical receiver. Lotsa stuff! 

 * [JKL Museum of Telephony|http://jklmuseum.com/] - The American Museum of Telephony (AMoT), known familiarly as the JKL Museum, is dedicated to the preservation of all aspects of telephony. 

 * [Maritime Radio Historical Society|http://www.radiomarine.org/] - Morse radiotelegraph station. Transmitter site in Bolinas CA. Receive site in Pt. Reyes Station CA. 

  

 ! #[Police Radio] 

 * [Early Motorola Land Mobile|http://www.mbay.net/~wb6nvh/Motadata.htm] - History of Motorola mobile radio equipment, largely used by police agencies. Includes links to pages on California Highway Patrol radio history. 

 * [Los Angeles Police Radio|https://web.archive.org/web/20150624074531/http://harrymarnell.net/kma367.htm] and [KGPL|https://web.archive.org/web/20150525052156/http://harrymarnell.net/elysian.htm], Elysian Park transmitter site (1931) 

 * [Broadcast News Number 1, October 1931.|Upload:RcaBroadcastNewsOct1931.pdf] - description of a police radio system. Original courtesy of Tom Friedman. 8.756M 

  

 ! Recording (audio, video, etc.) 

 * [Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction] article on sound recording. 

 * [Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video#Recording_formats_before_video_tape] notes on video recording. 

  * [Bell Systems Technical Journal|https://archive.org/details/bstj-archives] at Internet Archive 

 * [Cedar Knol Telephone & Telegraph Company|http://www.voicenet.com/~pdwills/] - A Reconstruction of a Typical Pennsylvania Railroad Wire Chief's Office along with other examples of telephone technology. 

 * [Bruce Crawford Memorial Switching Documentation Library|http://www.switchersquarterly.org/library.htm] - Extensive telephone equipment documentation. 

 * [Car Phone|http://www.wb6nvh.com/Carphone.htm] - THE MOBILE TELEPHONE IN BELL SYSTEM SERVICE, 1946-1993. These pages are a history of the car telephone as used by the Bell System and its affiliates from the beginnings in 1946 through the end of IMTS telephone product production, although many IMTS car telephone radio systems continued on the air through the late 1990's and some are still on the air in Canada and Pennsylvania. 

 * [Electromagnetic Telegraph|https://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tel/morse/morse.htm]- A nice history of the telegraph. 

 * [ESS, The First CO|https://www.tapinto.net/towns/roxbury/articles/succasunna-1965-the-wedding-of-phones-and-compu] - Newspaper article about the first ESS1 CO in 1965. Links to some videos including one by Western Electric on the ESS. 

 * [Evolution of the Dial Phone|http://www.arctos.com/dial/] traces the history of the dial telephone from 1919 through 1965. Photos of a bunch of telephones through history. 

 * [Central Office|http://www.thecentraloffice.com/] - Photos and brief histories of US telco central offices. 

 * [Hang Up|https://vimeo.com/95554820] - A movie about New York payphones. 

 * [History of Phone Phreaking|http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/index.php] - Contains several articles on telephone signaling. 

 * [Independent Telecommunications Pioneer Association|http://www.nationalitpa.com/index.html] - ITPA is the volunteer organization created by and for the independent telecommunications industry.Dedicated to community service, ITPA has been serving the public on behalf of telecommunications companies for over 95 years. ITPA represents over 9,000 telecommunications employees and retirees nationwide. Today Pioneers continue to open exciting new lines of communication and community service throughout the United States. 

 * [ITU|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qv5xw4fsh8] - 1966 film about the International Telecommunications Union 

 * [JKL Museum of Telephony|http://jklmuseum.com/] - The American Museum of Telephony (AMoT), known familiarly as the JKL Museum, is dedicated to the preservation of all aspects of telephony. 

 * [Manufacture Discontinued|http://www.manufacturediscontinued.com/] - This site is dedicated to the study and appreciation of the telephones of the 1950's, 60's and 70's, especially those made by the Western Electric company for the Bell System in America. I'm Adam Forrest, and I like telephones, especially the Western Electric telephones of the fifties, sixties and seventies. Although I'm a computer programmer and web designer now, I spent the bulk of my younger days learning about, and then installing and repairing telephones and small PBXs. This site is a collection of some of the things I enjoy looking at, I guess it's sort of a telephone collector's blog. I hope you enjoy looking at these phones too 

 * [Morse Code’s Vanquished Competitor: The Dial Telegraph|https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/standards/morse-codes-vanquished-competitor-the-dial-telegraph] - In 1842, French watchmaker Louis-François Breguet invented a simpler to use but less efficient alternative 

 * [Museum of Communications|http://www.museumofcommunications.org/] in Seattle Washington. Extensive collection of customer premises equipment, central office equipment, and outside plant. More photos available [here|http://www.privateline.com/Seattlemuseum/index.html]. 

 * New York Times 

  * [Automatic Phones Soon To Work Here|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F02E4DD1E3EEE3ABC4A52DFB5668389639EDE], March 12, 1922. Describes the conversion of 1,000,000 phones in New York City to dial operation. "While no telephone girls will lose their positions because of the introduction of automatic machinery, the force will eventually be reduced, but not so rapidly as the girls now leave the service to get married or take other jobs" 

  * [Dial Phone System Meets Sunday Test|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=940CE5D91E39EF3ABC4E52DFB6678389639EDE], October 16, 1922 

  * [Automatic Phones Start Saturday|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 8, 1922 

  * [Niagra Power May Come Here By Radio|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 16, 1922. Vacuum tubes are replacing high frequency alternators for wireless telegraph transmission. Describes the introduction of water cooled tubes. Speculates that power may be transmitted by radio instead of wires. 

 * [Panel Switchman's Photo Stream|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/] - Extensive collection of photos from the 1920s on. Shows manual switchboards, step, crossbar, panel, and ESS. [slideshow|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/show/] 

 * [Payphone Project|http://www.payphone-project.com/] - Photos and stories about payphones. Also a payphone number database. 

 * [Pulse of the World|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fu6-jrzOyM&feature=youtu.be] - 1924 Mackay System documentary. Great silent video showing operation of the Mackay telegraph system. Shows land and undersea cable installation and repair. Shows operators and a bunch of other great stuff. 

 * [Pushbutton Calling with a Two-
Group Voice Frequency Code|Upload:harold/dtmf_bell_labs.pdf], L. Schenker, Bell Labs Technical Journal, January 1960. Described the design considerations for DTMF (Touch Tone&reg;) signalling. 

 * [Private Line Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/history.html] including POTS, wireless, Bell Labs, exchange name history, party lines, Strowger switches, early radio, radar, triode vacuum tube history, etc. 

 * [Phone Trips|http://www.wideweb.com/phonetrips/] - Extensive recordings of the sounds heard during the progress of call completion through various types of switches. Most recordings made in the 1960s and 1970s. 

 * [Telecom History Group|http://www.telcomhistory.org/] proudly preserves and shares the rich heritage of an industry that has had and continues to have a huge impact on our society, our culture, and most of all, our ability to communicate. THG has museums in Denver CO and Seattle WA. 

 * [Telephone Collectors International|http://www.telephonecollectors.org/] - the international organization of collectors of old telephone equipment. 

  * [Telephone Collectors International Document Library|http://www.telephonecollectors.info/] - Extensive collection, including Bell Systems Practices 

 * [Telephone Tribute|http://www.telephonetribute.com/] You'll find all sorts of telephone related web pages here on the history of the telephone, technical information, research resources, human interest stories, clubs, pictures, sound files, links, etc. 

 * [The Coming of the Dial|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFbRvAuJkXg] - 1933 video 

 * [The Independent|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NF_SQCTeYk] - 1957 film promoting independent telephone companies. Shows a cutover to a new step exchange. 

 * [This Is A Recording|https://www.thisisarecording.com/index.html] - EXTENSIVE collection of recordings of telephone automated messages (wrong number, etc.) 

 * [United States Military Telegraph|http://www.unitedstatesmilitarytelegraph.org/contents.html] - Site contains extensive documentation on telegraph use during the US Civil War and developments leading up to that point. 

 * [Western Union Alumni|http://www.westernunionalumni.com/] - LOTS of stuff on Western Union, the nation's telegraph company since 1851. 

 * [Western Union Technical Review|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/] - Published 1947 through 1969. The technology of telegraphy, including multiplexing, switching, transmission, etc. 

  * [New American Code for Information Interchange|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/18-2/p050.htm] - April 1964. Introduces the newly adopted ASCII code 

 * Tom Farley's [Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/TelephoneHistory/History1.htm] pages. 

 * [Western Union's Microwave Relay Terminal in Washington DC|http://blog.historian4hire.net/2010/12/03/wutco-tenley/] 

 * [The Charles Babbage Institute|http://www.cbi.umn.edu/index.html] - The Charles Babbage Institute (CBI) is an archives and research center dedicated to preserving the history of information technology and promoting and conducting research in the field. 

 * [Computer Conservation Society|http://cedarsgw2.leeds.ac.uk/ccs/] - Conserving the UK computer heritage. 

 * http://www.computer-history.info/ - Stories of the Development of Large Scale Scientific Computing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 

 * [Computer History Museum|http://www.computerhistory.org], Mountain View, CA - preserves and presents for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience. 

 * [Eckert Tapes|http://www.computerworld.com/hardwaretopics/hardware/mainframes/story/0,10801,108790,00.html?from=story%5Fkc] - Transcript of interview with J. Presper Eckert, one of the developers of the ENIAC, the first all electronic digital computer (with 18,000 vacuum tubes). Computerworld, February 20, 2006 

 * [CPU Shack|http://www.cpushack.com/] - CPU History Museum for Intel CPUs, AMD Processor, Cyrix Microprocessors, Microcontrollers and more. 

 * [Report on the Eniac|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/46eniac-report/index.html], developed under the supervision of the Ordnance Department, United States Army. June 1, 1946. Detailed description of the ENIAC. 

 * [fourmilab.ch|http://www.fourmilab.ch/sitemap.html#history] - Univac history, Babbage Analytical Engine, and a history of AutoCAD 

 * [Classic Tek|http://classictek.org/] - WONDERFUL site full of manuals, photos, video, and other info on Tektronix. 

 * [Derek's Virtual Slide Rule Gallery|http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/] - Real nice simulations of slide rules! 

 * [Einstein Papers Project|http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/] - The collected papers of Albert Einstein. 

 * [Hearing Aid Museum|http://www.hearingaidmuseum.com/] - From ear trumpets to carbon microphones to vacuum tubes, to transistors, to digital signal processors. Hearing aids have changed over the years. 

 * [Kight Kit|https://knightkit.com/] - Home of the Knight Kit Wireless Broadcaster 

 * [Mark Cselle's History of Technology Page|http://technology.niagarac.on.ca/staff/mcsele/history.htm] - Extensive information on history of power generation, telephone, computers, vacuum tubes, etc.. 

 * [Mike's Electric Stuff|http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/] has a nice collection of info on vaccum tubes, Nixies, and more. 

 * [The Oughtred Society|http://www.oughtred.org/] - The Oughtred Society was founded in 1991 by a group of slide rule collectors and is dedicated to the preservation and history of slide rules and other calculating instruments. In the past fourteen years it has evolved to an international organization with members in 22 countries. It is noted for its highly acclaimed Journal of the Oughtred Society, 

 * [Radio Shack Catalogs|http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/] - Excellent collection of Radio Shack print catalogs from the first 1939 catalog through 2003. 

 * [Semiconductor Museum|http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm] - Great collection of photographs and oral histories of the developments of semiconductors. For example, an oral history describes the development of the 2N2222, which was released in 1962 and is still being designed into products today. 

 * [Southwest Museum of Engineering,Communications and Computation|http://www.smecc.org/] - A very extensive collection of physical and online resources. 

 * [Spark Bang Buzz|http://sparkbangbuzz.com/] - While not truly history, it does tell you how to build many devices from history. Projects include several based on zinc negative resistance, copper oxide thermo electric generator, magnetic amplifiers, an 80m transmitter built around a 2N3904, an alcohol flame triode amplifier, home made CRT tube, arc transmitters, home made coherer, home made vacuum tube triode, sound modulated LED, laser, and flashlight, etc. Fun stuff! 

 * Telharmonium - The Telharmonium (also known as the Dynamophone) was an early electronic musical instrument, developed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897. The Telharmonium was intended to be listened to using telephone receivers. 

  * [Wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telharmonium] 

  * [Magic Music From The Telharmonium Documentary|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPlbXl81Rs0] on ~YouTube 

 * [Tesla Wardenclyffe Project|http://www.teslascience.org/] - mission is the preservation and adaptive reuse of Wardenclyffe, the century-old laboratory of electrical pioneer Nikola Tesla located in Shoreham, Long Island, New York. 

 * [Tube Books dot Org|http://www.tubebooks.org/] - Herein you will find a collection of vintage engineering texts, vacuum tube datasheets, and other obsolete information, presented free of charge and without annoying advertisements. 

 * http://www.pat2pdf.org/ - Free online conversions of USPTO patent images to pdf for easy viewing. Just supply the patent number. 

 * [Watthourmeters.com|http://watthourmeters.com/] - An online reference to US made watthour meters. 

 * [Weston Engineering Notes|http://www.slbench.com/Home/westonengineeringnotes-1] - "Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, founded in 1888, is responsible for many important developments in the electrical engineering field. Several years ago, I came across a 3 year collection of Weston Engineering Notes starting in 1946. This was a far different time and many of the things we take for granted today weren't even dreams of the future yet. Clicking the above logo will give you an enlarged sketch of an engineer's desk. Engineering and physics books (complete with log tables) close at hand. The ever present slide rule, a sharp pencil, drafting triangle and the all-important eraser being important tools of the trade. A tube and a large can capacitor are part of a current project. An analog meter waiting to prove or dis-prove the latest theory. The pipe to be used while pondering the latest developments and speculating about the future." 

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