Help/DiffPlugin

+* [Anton Electronic Laboratories] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters.  

+* [Aphex Systems Limited]  

+* [Andrew Corporation]  

+* [Arrakis Systems, Inc] 

+* [ATI] - Audio Technolgies Incorporated  

+* [Auditron|Upload:AudioTron.pdf] - Flyer for the ~AudioTron vacuum tube. About 1915-1916.  

+* [Autogram]  

+* [Bauer Electronics Corporation]  

+* [Belar Electronics Laboratory] - Modulation monitors. http://www.belar.com  

+* [Bext]  

+* [Bird Electronic Corporation] - RF wattmeters, etc.  

+* [Bosch] - Robert Bosch Corporation, Video Equipment Division  

+* [Broadcast Audio] 

+* [Broadcast Television Systems]  

+* [Byer Industries] - Australian post WWII manufacturer of tape and disc recording and replay equipment.  

+* [CBS Labs]  

+* [CCA]  

+* [Circuit Research Laboratories] 

+* [Collins Radio], including Rockwell Collins 

+* [Continental Electronics]  

+* [Consolidated Electronic Industries] - (CEI) Australian Open Reel and Cartridge Tape Machine manufacturer 

+* DeltaElectronics - Manufacturer of broadcast test and other broadcast equipment 

+* [Dorrough Electronics] - http://www.dorrough.com, audio processors, loudness meters.  

+* [Dumont]  

+* [Eimac|EimacDivisionOfVarian] - Manufacturer of high power vacuum tubes  

+* [Electronics Research, Inc.] - FM antennae 

+* [Federated Purchaser] - Catalogue from a Wholesale house supplying independant Radio Repair Businesses. 1936 catalogue.  

+* [Frese and Kaping] - The Audio Pilot  

+* GatesRadioCompany - Manufacturer of broadcast equipment, now part of [Harris Corporation |http://www.broadcast.harris.com]  

+* GeneralElectric  

+* GeneralRadio - Manufacturer of test equipment  

+* [Gentner]  

+* HallikainenAndFriends - Manufacturer of audio and telemetry equipment, now part of [Dove Systems|http://www.dovesystems.com]  

+* [Harman Kardon]  

+* [Harris Corporation - Broadcast Division] - See also GatesRadioCompany and http://www.broadcast.harris.com . 

+* [Hollyanne]  

+* [Howe Technology|HoweTech] 

+* [ITA]  

+* [ITC] - International Tapetronics Corp - Cartridge Recorder/Players  

+* [E F Johnson|EfJohnson]  

+* [Langevin]  

+* [Larcan] including TTC  

+* [LPB]  

+* [Magnecord]  

+* [Machlett Laboratories] - Manufacturer of vacuum tubes  

+* [Marantz]  

+* [Marti Electronics, Inc.] - RPU, STL, and remote control 

+* McMartin  

+* [Microcon] - FM Composite Stereo Processor  

+* MoseleyAssociatesInc - Manufacturer of remote control, STL, TRL, and other broadcast equipment. See http://www.moseleysb.com/mb/  

+* [Motorola] 

+* [Mullard] - Manufacturer of electronic valves  

+* [Multronics] - high power inductors and RF contactors  

+* [National] - Manufacturer of receivers 

+* NemsClarke - Manufacturer of field strength meters and antenna monitors 

+* [Otari] magnetic tape recorders 

+* [Philips]  

+* [Potomac Instruments]  

+* [Presto] disk recording equipment  

+* [Pultec]  

+* [QEI]  

+* [Radio Engineering Laboratories] 

+* [Raytheon]  

+* [Revox]  

+* [RCA]  

+* [Schafer Automation]  

+* [Scully] Audio tape equipment  

+* [Standard Electronics] division of [Radio Engineering Laboratories]  

+* [Standard Telephones & Cables. Australia]  

+* [Studer]  

+* [Sony]  

+* [Straight Wire Audio]  

+* [Technics] (Panasonic)  

+* [Telfax] Phone remote mixers also sold by Marti and BE  

+* [Texar] division of [Gentner]  

+* [TFT, Inc.] (Time & Frequency Technology, Inc.) - Frequency and modulation monitors, remote control, EAS.  

+* [Tepco] FM translators  

+* [Tektronix]  

+* [TTC|Larcan]  

+* [3M]  

+* [Trimax] division of L M Ericsson Pty Ltd (Australia) - Manufacturer of transformers.  

+* [United Transformer Corporation]  

+* [UREI]  

+* [Victoreen Instrument Company] - Supplier of radiological monitors for civil defense. Broadcast stations ended up with these in their government supplied fallout shelters.  

+* [Warehouse Sound|Upload:harold/WarehouseSound.pdf] Professional Products Group catalog ([ftp|ftp://louise.hallikainen.org/pub/bh/harold/WarehouseSound.pdf]). Warehouse Sound was based here in San Luis Obispo. They were located in an old railroad warehouse ("Railroad Square") and sold mail order home stereo equipment (and professional products). They were quite successful during the days of Fair Trade laws, where manufacturers were allowed to set the retail prices of their products. These were generally state laws and did not apply to interstate sales, which many mail order sales were. Warehouse Sound was sold a little before the disappearance of the Fair Trade Laws. This is the 1974 Professional Products catalog. It runs 610MB, so be patient!  

+* WesternElectric and the Bell System Journals because they relate to broadcasting 1922-1983 and the history of communications. SBA  

+* [Westinghouse] 

+* [Audio Sharing|http://www.audiosharing.com/archive/archive.htm] - An archive of audio equipment manuals including some used in broadcast and film.  

+* [Australian Professional Audio Equipment|http://www.oneillassociates.com.au/~poneill/] - Originally the purpose of this page is to document professional audio recording devices manufactured in Australia. The main focus is on professional reel to reel magnetic tape recorders but other recording devices such as tape cartridge machines, magnetic drum recorders, disc cutting and replay equipment are also covered. The collection inclues equipment, manuals, advertising material and accessories including mic preamps, line amps, mixers, power amps, limiters, volume indicators, program failure alarms, etc. The two criteria for inclusion are that the equipment was made in Australia and that it was used in the recording or broadcasting industry or was used in a commercial setting such as a lift announcement unit.  

+* [BAMA|http://bama.sbc.edu/index.html] - Boat Anchor Manual Archive  

+* [BAMA Mirror|http://bama.edebris.com/]  

+* [BAMA List of Other Sites|http://bama.sbc.edu/free.htm] with free manuals  

+* [AA4DF|http://www.aa4df.net] manuals for sale with some [free|http://home.comcast.net/~aa4df02/download.htm]. Manuals for consumer, broadcast, communications, and test equipment.  

+* [AC6V List|http://ac6v.com/manuals.htm] of ham radio manual suppliers  

+* [Broadcast Documents|http://www.broadcastdocuments.com/] - collection of manual photocopies for sale 

+* [DIY Audio|http://www.pmillett.com/technical_books_online.htm] Technical Books Online. Extensive collection of tube manuals and books on design and troubleshooting. 

+* [Just Manuals|http://www.justmanuals.com] - Fairly extensive paid manual archive.  

+* [Nostalgia Air|http://www.nostalgiaair.org/Resources/] - Antique and vintage radio info  

+* [Purple Audio Schematic Library|http://www.purpleaudio.com/resource/pdflib.html] - Schematics and manuals for Altec, Ampex, CBS Labs, Datamix, Gates, Langevin, Pultec, RCA, Spectra Sonics, Sony, Telefunken, 3M, UREI  

+* [eService Info|http://www.eserviceinfo.com] - Service manuals for computers, test equipment, consumer equipment in rar format  

+* http://www.ebaman.com/ - Various contributed manuals for electronics, computers, home electronics, motors, etc.  

+* [Liberated Manuals|http://www.liberatedmanuals.com/] - Extensive collection of military manuals.  

+* [PDF Manuals|http://www.pdf-manuals.com/] - Tektronix test equipment manuals for sale.  

+* [Radio Era|http://www.radioera.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=2] - Over 150,000 original factory instruction and service manuals from 1915 - 1985  

+* [Radio Gear Guide|http://www.radiogearguide.com/] - Links to manufacturer provided manual pages.  

+* [Radio Papers|http://www.radiopapers.net/] - Manuals and papers from broadcast equipment manufacturers and consultants.  

+* [Rider's Perpetual Troubleshooters|http://hertzmail.com/Riders-vols/] - Receiver schematics and service info for 1920s through 1954.  

+* [SafeManuals|http://safemanuals.com/] - Consumer product manuals.  

+* [A. G. Tannenbaum|https://www.slimandtone.com/] - Manuals for sale  

+* [Technician's File Cabinet|http://www.one-electron.com/filing_cab.html] - Attempt to bring together in one place links to service and technical information for electronic equipment. Includes sections for consumer audio, pro audio, old radios, ham radio, test equipment, military electronics, and transformers.  

+* [Telephony Document Archive|http://sc.infc.info/] - Extensive telephone system documentation collected by Steve Cichorsky.  

+* [Teletype Manuals|http://hertzmail.com/TTY/] and other info related to Teletype teleprinters.  

+* [Transcom Corporation|http://www.fmamtv.com] has manuals for sale. Manuals include [transmitters|http://www.fmamtv.com/mantransmitters.html] and [exciters|http://www.fmamtv.com/manexciters.html]  

+* [Northland Radio|http://www.lks.net/~radio/Pages/manuals.htm] has quite a few manuals with copies available for sale and a few free for download  

+* [Vintage Manuals|http://www.vintagemanuals.com/] - over 16,000 vintage radio, audio and test equipment manuals.  

+* [Waltzing Bear Schematic Archive|http://www.waltzingbear.com/Schematics/Schematics.html] - Schematics and data for AKG, Altec, Ampex, API, CBS, Dolby, Gates, Jensen, MCI, Neve, Orban, Otari, Pacific Recorders and Engineering, Quad Eight, RCA, Sennheiser, Shure, ~SpectraSonics, Spectrum, SSL, Studer, Telefunken, Trident, Urei, UTC, Valley, Western Electric, and others. 

+* http://antiqueradios.com/resources/  

+ * http://antiqueradios.com/resources/Radio_History/  

+ * http://www.antiqueradios.com/resources/  

+ * http://www.antiqueradios.com/superhet/ - Who invented the superhet?  

+ * http://www.antiqueradios.com/archive.shtml - Magazine, manuals, and more!  

+* Audio Processing History  

+ * [Audio Processing: A Perspective|http://www.omniaaudio.com/tech/retrospective.htm] - Frank Foti describes the history of audio processing for broadcast.  

+ * [A Short History of Transmission Audio Processing in the United States|http://www.bext.com/histproc.htm] by Robert Orban  

+* http://www.amfone.net - Restore and put that old broadcast transmitter to work as an amateur radio transmitter! 

+* [David Gleason|http://www.davidgleason.com/Radio_Archives.htm] has a very nice collection of Broadcasting Magazines (1935-1949) and Broadcasting Yearbook (1944-1979).  

+* [Early Radio History|http://earlyradiohistory.us] - Thomas H. White's _very_ extensive site covering 1897 through 1927  

+* [California Historical Radio Society|http://www.californiahistoricalradio.com] exchanges ideas and information on the history of radio, particularly in the West, with emphasis in collecting, literature, programs, and the restoration and display of early equipment.  

+* [Chalk Hill Educational Media|http://www.chalkhillmedia.org/Museum/index.htm] has a nice collection of historic radio and television info. 

+* [Drake Chenault|http://www.drakechenault.org]  

+* Donna Halper's History of Broadcasting [Links|http://www.donnahalper.com/History.html] - includes The Story of Jewish Comedians in America, The Short Course by Donna Halper, Donna Halper and The Rush Discovery Story, Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, African Americans and Early Radio by Donna Halper, Milestones of the Radio Age, Radio in 1939 - Halper's History of Radio - Old Time Radio, Broadcasting History Articles by Elizabeth ~McLeod, John Sheppard III, Some History by Donna Halper, A Radio First in Vinton Iowa by Donna Halper, Rembering the Ladies, A Salute to the Women of Early Radio.  

+* [Early Radio|http://www.durenberger.com/resources/ER.htm] - Extensive collection of documents at http://www.durenberger.com/ .  

+* [Edwin Howard Armstrong|http://www.fathom.com/course/10701020/sessions.html] - FM Inventor - History at Columbia University. 

+* [FCC Audio Division Collected Engineering Documents|http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/decdoc/engrser.html] contains an extensive collection of documents showing the history of radio broadcasting. These include documents on early AM and FM broadcasting, and the Radio Service Bulletins from 1915.  

+* [FCC Radio Pioneers|http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/radio/] - The Ideas that Made Radio Possible, The Power that Made Radio Realistic, The Quality that Made Radio Popular  

+* [FM Broadcasting Chronology|http://jeff560.tripod.com/chronofm.html] - This page shows some of the events in the early history of FM broadcasting in the United States. Note that apex stations referred to on this page used amplitude modulation on VHF frequencies; many of them evolved into FM stations. For dates involving the earliest stations, see also the "earliest FM stations" page at this website.  

+* [Gates Harris History|http://gates-harris-history.com/] - Great archive of Gates newsletters back to 1935  

+* [Bob Groome SOB Site|http://www.bobgroome.us/BobGroome/Welcome.html] - Extensive schematic and photo collection. 

+* [Bob Mayben|http://www.bobmayben.com/] has a nice collection of photographs of older equipment, much of it restored to like new condition.  

+* [Modesto Radio Museum|http://www.modestoradiomuseum.org/] - The Modesto Radio Museum foundation was formed in 2004 comprised of current and past men and women with local broadcasting experience. The original idea for the museum came in 2004, when Harry Pappas, owner of the original KTRB property on Norwegian Ave in Modesto, contacted Wes Page, Cecil Lynch and Cal Purviance with the idea to build a museum dedicated to preserving the history of commercial broadcasting in Modesto, and the area, beginning in 1933 when KTRB signed on the air in Modesto. The goal was to increase and preserve the knowledge, understanding and appreciation of their efforts and the equipment they used. Due to economic conditions, the museum is currently on the web only.  

+* [oldradio.com|http://www.oldradio.com] - Oldradio.com's mission is to find and share information about the pioneer broadcast radio stations and current industry issues, as well as links and references to other locations containing accurate materials on broadcasting. The emphasis is on professional broadcasting, but we can "wander" a bit from time to time. The goal is to shed light on your questions, and clear up some myths.  

+* [On The Air|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VHtZr_xsT8] - 1937 film describing how radio works.  

+* http://hawkins.pair.com/radio.html - Jim Hawkins Radio and Broadcast Technology Page. Photo tours and histories of many statons.  

+* [Radio Lovers|http://www.radiolovers.com/] - audio archives of old radio programming.  

+* [Old Time Radio Catalog|http://otrcat.com/] - EXTENSIVE catalog of old radio broadcast recordings for sale.  

+* http://www.marconicalling.com/ - The Guglielmo Marconi archive including MANY historic documents, such as his early patents, Titanic communications, and MUCH more!  

+* http://www.radioclubofamerica.org  

+ * http://www.radioclubofamerica.org/publications.php?page=books.html - Books including one on Armstrong and one on ~DeForest  

+* http://www.radioheritage.net - We're sharing the stories of Pacific radio. More than anywhere else in the world, radio found an easy home here, conquering vast distances of ocean, and connecting the scattered islands with each other in much the same way early Polynesian seafarers used the sea itself as their main means of communication.  

+* [UK Radio and TV Transmitters|http://tx.mb21.co.uk/]  

+* [IEEE Oral History Site|http://www.ieee.org/organizations/history_center/oral_histories.html] - Interviews with those involved in the development of radio, television, radar, the internet, etc.  

+* [The EBS Accident|http://stlradio.net/pages/ebsaccident.htm] - In 1971, the wire services carried an Emergency Action Notification requiring normal broadcasting to cease immediately...  

+* [GGN Information|http://www.ggninfo.com] - Early commercial FM and Television broadcasting facilities from mid 1930s to late 1970s. Concentrates on New Hampshire, major stations in New England and the Northeast, as well as other selected early broadcasters.  

+* [Radio Links|http://www.radiolinks.net/History/] - LOTS of links to broadcast oriented sites. The history page links to several dozen broadcast history sites.  

+* [Reel Radio|http://www.reelradio.com] Top 40 Radio Repository air check collection.  

+* [The Roots of Radio run deep in Philadelphia|http://beradio.com/features/radio_roots_radio_run/] - Tells the evoloution of several broadcast manufacturers, including RCA, GE, CCA, ITA, Ampex, Comark, Belar, AEL, QEI, CSI, LPB, Wilkinson, ATI, Dielectric, Ampro,  

+* John Schneider's [San Francisco Radio History|http://users.adams.net/~jfs/] - Very nice collection of station histories.  

+* [Snugglebunny|http://www.snugglebunny.us/] page by Alan & Sharon Kline. Includes radio magazines from the 1920s forward, links to camera tube datasheets, links to historic broadcast patents, etc.  

+* Video Park [Restoration of Old Broadcast Equipment|http://www.videopark.com/oldbroadcast.htm] - Photographs of very nicely restored broadcast equipment  

+* [Western Historic Radio Museum|http://www.radioblvd.com] - Vintage Radio Equipment and Memorabilia, 1910 through the 1950s, Virginia City, Nevada  

+* [Vintage Broadcast Microphones|http://www.k-bay106.com/mics.htm] - Private collection of early broadcast microphones, related documentation and collector/historian resources. 

+* [Antique Television|http://www.telecompricer.com/article/Antique-Televisions.html] - a brief page, but has several links that look good.  

+* [The Old CATV Equipment Museum|http://theoldcatvequipmentmuseum.blogspot.com/] - A place to post photos of ancient cable TV equipment, with appropriate captions.  

+* [Cartrivision|http://www.angelfire.com/alt/cartrivision/] - The first consumer videocasette machine in 1972.  

+* [Chalk Hill Educational Media|http://www.chalkhillmedia.org/Museum/index.htm] has a nice collection of historic radio and television info.  

+* [DuMont Television Network|http://members.aol.com/cingram/television/dumont.htm] - In the late 1940's and early 1950's, ~DuMont was America's fourth television network.  

+* [Early Television Foundation & Museum|http://www.earlytelevision.org/] in Ohio. Site has nice images of televisions back to 1928. Has images from a Baird mechanical receiver. Lotsa stuff!  

+* [Farnovision|http://www.farnovision.com/] - Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of television  

+* [FCC|http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/tv/] Television History pages.  

+* [Jonz Valve Page|http://www.thevalvepage.com/] - Extensive photo galleries and restoration info for old radios and televisions.  

+* [~LabGuy's World|http://www.labguysworld.com/] - EXTENSIVE collection of consumer video tape recorders with excellent links to other video sites.  

+* [Narrow Band Television Association|http://www.nbtv.org/] - Early television, especially mechanically scanned.  

+* [North Beach Media|http://northbeachmedia.com/Production.html] has a nice collection of photos of vintage television equipment. Scroll down the page to the photo gallery, then select a "vintage" area in the drop down menu.  

+* [NTSC-TV|http://www.ntsc-tv.com/] has extensive technical information on the US analog television transmission system and its development.  

+* [Old Boys|http://www.vtoldboys.com/] The 'Oldboys' web site began in 1998 which was the 40th 'birthday' of videotape in the BBC, and so it seemed appropriate to commemorate this with a small collection of pictures from the various decades. Since then it has expanded somewhat to over 1500 pages and 2400 pictures and, in November 2008, we celebrated our tenth birthday.  

+* [Quadruplex Park|http://www.lionlamb.us/quadpark.html] - Quadruplex park is the home page for those who are interested in collecting electronic equipment used in broadcasting. It is especially for those who collect the more obscure, unusual, and sometimes just plain hard-to-deal-with things, such as large format VTR's, film chains, switchers, studio cameras, terminal equipment, and even transmitters.  

+* [Ed Reitan's Color Television History|http://novia.net/~ereitan/]  

+* [Television Tape|http://www.televisiontape.tv/] - Discover the magic of television production on tape, as compared to film.  

+* [historytv.net|http://www.historytv.net/] - Early television images, including 1929 broadcast of Felix the Cat  

+* Tech Notes [history|http://www.tech-notes.tv/History&Trivia/history_of.htm] and [biography|http://www.tech-notes.tv/Biographies/biographies_and_personal_notes.htm pages]. Television oriented including history of translators, TV channel 1, studio equipment, telecine, satellite, video recording, cable television, etc. Biographies include Klaus Landsberg, Harry Lubcke, John Logie Baird, Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Fondazione Guglielmo Marconi, and Charles Hallinan.  

+* [tvhistory.tv|http://www.tvhistory.tv] - The first 75 years of TV  

+* [Chuck Pharis Video|http://www.pharis-video.com/] - Chuck has an excellent collection of vintage television broadcast equipment... and radio too!  

+* [Videotape Systems Theory|http://www.lionlamb.us/quad/theory.html] - Has a nice history and photographs of the development of videotape.  

+* [W3XK -- America's first television station|http://online.sfsu.edu/~hl/cfj/cfj.W3XK.html] - A scrapbook of postcards, letters, and QSL cards collected by station owner, Charles Francis Jenkins. 

+* [Marine Radio Historical Society|http://www.radiomarine.org/] - Radiotelegraph ship to shore  

+* http://www.marconicalling.com/ - The Guglielmo Marconi archive including MANY historic documents, such as his early patents, Titanic communications, and MUCH more!  

+* [Titanic Radio Page|http://www.hf.ro/] - Very nice site including photos and a transcript of Titanic's distress communications. 

+* [Early Motorola Land Mobile|http://www.mbay.net/~wb6nvh/Motadata.htm] - History of Motorola mobile radio equipment, largely used by police agencies. Includes links to pages on California Highway Patrol radio history.  

+* [Los Angeles Police Radio|http://harrymarnell.net/kma367.htm] and [KGPL|http://harrymarnell.net/elysian.htm], Elysian Park transmitter site (1931)  

+* [Broadcast News Number 1, October 1931.|Upload:RcaBroadcastNewsOct1931.pdf] - description of a police radio system. Original courtesy of Tom Friedman. 8.756M 

+* [Ampex Virtual Museum|http://recordist.com/ampex/] - Dedicated to preserving the history of the most important manufacturer of magnetic recorders, the Ampex Virtual Museum provides online access to Manuals, Schematics, and Service Bulletins; Repair, Maintenance, and Modification Tips; Parts and Repair Sources; Catalogs, Sales Brochures, and Similar Literature; Pictures of Ampexes (mostly); Biographies of some Ampex Mailing List subscribers; Pictures of Ampex Mailing List parties; Ampex history & Other Historical Information; Audio Clips of Interviews with Former Ampex Employees; Alignment Instructions; Links of Interest to Ampex Users; Obituaries; Illustrations Accompanying Dale Manquen's Posts on Flutter; Literature Scanning Project  

+* [Audio Engineering Society History Commitee|http://www.aes.org/aeshc/] - The AES Historical Committee is an international forum open to all who wish to investigate and learn about the achievements of those pioneers whose innovative ideas and inventions have contributed to audio's rich past. Dedicated to the preservation of over a century of audio history, the Committee is developing a broad-based history of audio engineering and the audio industry. AES membership is encouraged but not required.  

+* [Audio Engineering Society Oral History Project|http://www.aes.org/historical/store/oralhistory/] - Oral history DVDs available for sale.  

+* [History of Tape Recording|http://web.archive.org/web/20060316145954/http://www.tvhandbook.com/History/History_recording.htm] - Starts with Mullin's discovery of the German Magnetophones, the Ampex audio machines, the development of videotape, and audio tape cartridges.  

+* [~LabGuy's World|http://www.labguysworld.com/] - EXTENSIVE collection of consumer video tape recorders with excellent links to other video sites.  

+* [Old Boys|http://www.vtoldboys.com/] - The 'Oldboys' web site began in 1998 which was the 40th 'birthday' of videotape in the BBC, and so it seemed appropriate to commemorate this with a small collection of pictures from the various decades. Since then it has expanded somewhat to over 1500 pages and 2400 pictures and, in November 2008, we celebrated our tenth birthday.  

+* [Phantom Productions Vintage Reel Tape Recorder Online Museum|http://reel2reeltexas.com/] - In collecting our vintage recorders, we have attempted to include pieces that had a significant role in the development of audio recording. Our focus is primarily on those reel to reel tape recorders that enabled musicians to hone their craft. We felt it would be interesting to include some of the early cylinder, disk and wire units, however, our main collection reflects the recorders that first became available to musicians and "prosumers" in the '50's, '60's, '70's and early '80's. So many innovations assisted the musician to capture that unique sound. They included, "sound with, and on sound," echo, and then came multi-tracking. Essential to the recordings were the microphones and mixer, so we've added some of those pieces as well. For perspective, we added reel to reel pages in radio catalogs from the late '30's to the early '80's and included tape recorder ads as well. We hope you enjoy our online information. Take a look at our "Phantom Time Line" page also. You'll see some of the audio and video units that were interesting benchmarks of production development. It continues to evolve as we have time. Enjoy!  

+* [Recording Technology History|http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/notes.html] - Great site hosted by UC San Diego. Traces sound and video recording from tin foil cylinders, plastic disks, magnetic recording, and optical recording. Has info about Webster Chicago. I have one of their wire recorders. Also mentions Harold Lindsay of Ampex. Mr. Lindsay installed the stereo in my parents' home. hh  

+* [RCA 45 RPM Record Changer|http://www.downstairsrecords.com/about/rpm.html]  

+* [Sound and the Story|http://www.archive.org/details/SoundAndTheS%20to%20enjoy] - 1956 video by RCA showing how a phonograph record is produced, from recording to tape, cutting the disk, creation of molds and stampers, pressing, packaging, and shipping.  

+* [Vintage Cassette|http://www.vintagecassette.com/] - The independent cassette deck resource With over 2000 vintage single cassette decks of all brands from the 1970's until now. 

+* [Any Lawful Device|http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/carterfone-40-years.ars/1] - A brief history of Carterphone and Hushaphone  

+* [AT&T Long Lines|http://long-lines.net/] - The Microwave Radio and Coaxial Cable Networks of the Bell System  

+* The Latest Word in Communications - ["Microwave" - New York - Boston System |http://www.microwaves101.com/downloads/1947_ATTs_First_Microwave_Radio_Route.pdf], Long Lines Dept., Plant Division One. Describes the installation of the New York to Boston 4GHz microwave system by AT&T Long Lines. The link was covered with 8 hops. Posted at [microwaves 101|http://www.microwaves101.com], "your number-one source for microwave information since the previous unenlightened century." For fun, also see the [Microwave Mortuary|http://www.microwaves101.com/content/microwavemortuary.cfm].  

+* [Bell System Memorial|http://www.bellsystemmemorial.com]  

+* [Bell Systems Technical Journal|http://bstj.bell-labs.com/] 1922-1983. Includes the invention of the transistor, Shannon's Law of information, invention of CCD, etc.  

+* [Cedar Knol Telephone & Telegraph Company|http://www.voicenet.com/~pdwills/] - A Reconstruction of a Typical Pennsylvania Railroad Wire Chief's Office along with other examples of telephone technology. 

+* [Evolution of the Dial Phone|http://www.arctos.com/dial/] traces the history of the dial telephone from 1919 through 1965. Photos of a bunch of telephones through history.  

+* [Central Office|http://www.thecentraloffice.com/] - Photos and brief histories of US telco central offices.  

+* [History of Phone Phreaking|http://www.historyofphonephreaking.org/index.php] - Contains several articles on telephone signaling.  

+* [Museum of Communications|http://www.museumofcommunications.org/] in Seattle Washington. Extensive collection of customer premises equipment, central office equipment, and outside plant. More photos available [here|http://www.privateline.com/Seattlemuseum/index.html]. 

+ * [Dial Phone System Meets Sunday Test|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=940CE5D91E39EF3ABC4E52DFB6678389639EDE], October 16, 1922  

+ * [New Telephones Please, 16 Seconds To Make Connection|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=990CEFD71E39E133A25754C1A9649D946395D6CF], December 17, 1922  

+ * [Automatic Phones Start Saturday|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 8, 1922  

+ * [Niagra Power May Come Here By Radio|http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D02E5DE1139E133A2575BC0A9669D946395D6CF], October 16, 1922. Vacuum tubes are replacing high frequency alternators for wireless telegraph transmission. Describes the introduction of water cooled tubes. Speculates that power may be transmitted by radio instead of wires.  

+* [Panel Switchman's Photo Stream|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/] - Extensive collection of photos from the 1920s on. Shows manual switchboards, step, crossbar, panel, and ESS. [slideshow|http://www.flickr.com/photos/9479603@N02/show/]  

+* [Private Line Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/history.html] including POTS, wireless, Bell Labs, exchange name history, party lines, Strowger switches, early radio, radar, triode vacuum tube history, etc.  

+* [Phone Trips|http://www.wideweb.com/phonetrips/] - Extensive recordings of the sounds heard during the progress of call completion through various types of switches. Most recordings made in the 1960s and 1970s.  

+* [Remember phone books?|http://johngall.blogspot.com/2010/10/remember-phone-books.html] - Nice collection of phonebook cover photographs.  

+* [Sam's Telecomm History Links|http://www.samhallas.co.uk/histlink.htm] - Very extensive page of links to sites devoted to telecom history.  

+* Mike Sandman's [telephone history|http://www.sandman.com/telhist.html] page. Features old telephone advertising and other nice info.  

+* [Strowger Switch|http://www.strowger.com/history.html] - The first automatic telephone switch. Strowger switch patent [447,918|http://www.freepatentsonline.com/0447918.pdf]  

+* [Strowger Appreciation Site|http://web.ukonline.co.uk/uax13/] - Site dedicated to the sights and sounds of step exchanges. See especially the bottom of the home page for audio recordings of various step offices.  

+* http://www.telebeans.org/ - Telecom stuff for the Mid-Atlantic.  

+* [Telegraph|http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tel/telhom.htm] - The History of Telecommunications and Related Matters. An EXTENSIVE history of the telegraph by [Dr James B. Calvert|http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/] at [University of Denver|http://mysite.du.edu].  

+* [Telegraph Office|http://www.telegraph-office.com/] - A Tribute to Morse Telegraphy and Resource for Wire and Wireless Telegraph Key Collectors and Historians  

+* [Telephone Answering Machines|http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blansweringmachines.htm] - A brief history.  

+* [Telephone Archive|http://www.telephonearchive.com/] - NICE collection of documentation back to 1910 or so. 

+* [Telephony Document Archive|http://sc.infc.info/] - Extensive telephone system documentation collected by Steve Cichorsky. 

+* [Telecom Digest|http://mirror.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/] long running telecom newsgroup that has a fair amount of history.  

+* [Telephone Collectors International|http://www.telephonecollectors.org/] - the international organization of collectors of old telephone equipment.  

+* [Telephone Tribute|http://www.telephonetribute.com/] You'll find all sorts of telephone related web pages here on the history of the telephone, technical information, research resources, human interest stories, clubs, pictures, sound files, links, etc.  

+* [Telephone World|http://www.phworld.org/] - History, sounds, pictures, pay phones, network, switching systems, etc.  

+* [United States Military Telegraph|http://www.unitedstatesmilitarytelegraph.org/contents.html] - Site contains extensive documentation on telegraph use during the US Civil War and developments leading up to that point.  

+* [Western Union Alumni|http://www.westernunionalumni.com/] - LOTS of stuff on Western Union, the nation's telegraph company since 1851.  

+* [Western Union Technical Review|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/] - Published 1947 through 1969. The technology of telegraphy, including multiplexing, switching, transmission, etc.  

+ * [New American Code for Information Interchange|http://massis.lcs.mit.edu/telecom-archives/archives/technical/western-union-tech-review/18-2/p050.htm] - April 1964. Introduces the newly adopted ASCII code  

+* Tom Farley's [Telephone History|http://www.privateline.com/TelephoneHistory/History1.htm] pages.  

+* [Western Union's Microwave Relay Terminal in Washington DC|http://blog.historian4hire.net/2010/12/03/wutco-tenley/]  

+* [YArchive|http://yarchive.net/phone/index.html] - Norman Yarvin's extensive usenet news archive of telephone information. 

+* [Jonz Valve Page|http://www.thevalvepage.com/] - Extensive photo galleries and restoration info for old radios and televisions. 

+* [National] - Communications receivers and early television receivers  

+* [Philco Radio|http://www.philcoradio.com/] - History, photos, schematics of stuff from the Philadelphia Storage Battery Company.  

+* [Regency TR-1|http://people.msoe.edu/~reyer/regency/] - The first transistor radio! Site includes video of the assembly line building these radios in 1955.  

+* [transistor.org|http://www.transistor.org] - Sarah Lowrey's great collection of transistor radios, with photos, articles, restoration procedures, etc.  

+* [All American Five|http://pw1.netcom.com/~wa2ise/radios/aa5h.html] - The popular five tube radio 

+* [Antique Computers|http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/] - An extensive collection of photos and documents on computer history by Ed Thelen.  

+* [Apollo Guidance Computer|http://www.galaxiki.org/web/main/_blog/all/build-your-own-nasa-apollo-landing-computer-no-kidding.shtml] - Instructions on building your own Apollo Guidance Computer used in the moon landing of 1969. The Apollo AGC itself is a piece of computing history, it was developed by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory and it was a quite amazing piece of hardware in the 1960s. It was the first computer to use integrated circuits (ICs), running at 1 Mhz it offered four 16-bit registers, 4K words of RAM and 32K words of ROM. The AGC mutlitasking operating system was called the EXEC, it was capable of executing up to 8 jobs at a time. The user interface unit was called the DSKY (display/keyboard, pronounced "disky"); an array of numerals and a calculator-style keyboard used by the astronauts to communicate with the computer.  

+* [Bell Systems Technical Journal|http://bstj.bell-labs.com/] 1922-1983. Includes the invention of the transistor, Shannon's Law of information, invention of CCD, etc.  

+* [BitSavers|http://www.bitsavers.org/] - Saving computer history from the dumpster! They have more than 830,000 pages of scanned computer documents in their archive. Also, links to other historic computer sites.  

+* [Catweasel|http://www.jschoenfeld.de/products/catweasel_e.htm] is an interesting product that lets you use standard PC drives to read old floppies (all PC-formats (180K up to 1440K), Amiga DD and HD (also 5,25" formats), Atari 9, 10 and 11 sektor disks, Macintosh 720K, 800K, 1440K (DD, GCR, HD), Commodore 1541, 1571, 1581 (C64, C128 and 3,5" C-64 disks), XTRA High density with 2380KByte per disk, Nintendo backup station 1600KB format, Atari 800XL (all MFM formats, FM under developement), Apple IIe disks (Apple DOS 3.3 and up)  

+* [Computer Conservation Society|http://cedarsgw2.leeds.ac.uk/ccs/] - Conserving the UK computer heritage. 

+* [Computer History Museum|http://www.computerhistory.org], Mountain View, CA - preserves and presents for posterity the artifacts and stories of the information age. As such, the Museum plays a unique role in the history of the computing revolution and its worldwide impact on the human experience.  

+* [Eckert Tapes|http://www.computerworld.com/hardwaretopics/hardware/mainframes/story/0,10801,108790,00.html?from=story%5Fkc] - Transcript of interview with J. Presper Eckert, one of the developers of the ENIAC, the first all electronic digital computer (with 18,000 vacuum tubes). Computerworld, February 20, 2006 

+* [Report on the Eniac|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/46eniac-report/index.html], developed under the supervision of the Ordnance Department, United States Army. June 1, 1946. Detailed description of the ENIAC.  

+* [fourmilab.ch|http://www.fourmilab.ch/sitemap.html#history] - Univac history, Babbage Analytical Engine, and a history of AutoCAD  

+* [Historic Computer Images|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/ftp/historic-computers/] by Mike Muuss. Many are US Army photos.  

+* [History of Computing Information|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/] - Information about the history of computing, assembled by Mike Muuss for your information and edification. Documents from the home of the ENIAC -- The U. S. Army Research Lab .  

+* [HP Museum|http://www.hpmuseum.org] - Calculators!  

+* [History of Computing Information|http://ftp.arl.army.mil/~mike/comphist/] - Information about the history of computing, assembled by Mike Muuss for your information and edification. Documents from the home of the ENIAC -- The U. S. Army Research Lab .  

+* [A Brief History of the Hard Drive|http://news.com.com/2300-1010_3-6031405-1.html?tag=nl] - Nice photo collection starting with the IBM RAMAC drive of 1956, which held 5MB.  

+* http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/nsf-net/home.jsp - History of Internet at NSF  

+* [Kelley Ad|http://www.kelleyad.com/histry.htm] shows and describes the early advertising for Apple  

+* [LED Watches|http://www.ledwatches.net]  

+* [Mouse Site|http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/MouseSitePg1.html] - A history of the mouse and human/machine interface. Excellent info at Stanford University.  

+* [National Security Agency Center for Cryptographic History|http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/center_crypt_history/] - History of cryptography as used by the NSA. See, especially [Historical Publications|http://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage/center_crypt_history/publications] for documents showing the history of cryptography from pre-WW1 through the Viet Nam war.  

+* [National Museum of Computing|http://www.tnmoc.org/] is dedicated to showing the development of computing in its broadest sense from the pioneering war time efforts that resulted in Colossus, to the products and systems we use today. The museum is part of the whole Bletchley Park experience, and all visitors to the park can visit the museum free of charge when it is open. The museum houses the Colossus computer, an exhibition of the most complex code cracking activities performed at the Park, and enhances the Park visitors' experience by continuing the history of the development of computing from the 1940s to the present day.  

+* [Online Timeline|http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/CARLSON/timeline.shtml] - A capsule history of online news and information systems by David Carlson. In particular, [this history of The Source|http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/CARLSON/history/the_source.htm] is interesting since I (HH) used this before I had a computer. I built a 300bps modem and connected to The Source with a Lear Siegler ADM-1 terminal. They had an MC6800 cross assembler on the system I used to develop my first microprocessor based product.  

+* [Old Computers . com|http://www.old-computers.com] - The name says it all... Remember the Altair? The PET, the VIC-20? The PDP-8? 

+* [Relay Computer|http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~harry/Relay] - While not strictly historic, it's interesting nonetheless. A computer made with relays (used as gates, flip flops, ALU, etc.).  

+* [Signetics Write Only Memory|http://www.national.com/rap/Story/WOMorigin.html]  

+* [Southwest Technical Products|http://www.swtpc.com/] early supplier of audio and computer kits.  

+* [Trailing Edge|http://www.trailing-edge.com/] - Archive of software for old DEC machines. Also, the Computer History [Simulation Project|http://simh.trailing-edge.com/] which simulates the Data General Nova, Eclipse, Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-1, PDP-4, PDP-7, PDP-8, PDP-9, PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-15, VAX, GRI Corporation GRI-909, IBM 1401, 1620, 1130, System 3, Interdata (Perkin-Elmer) 16b and 32b systems, Hewlett-Packard 2116, 2100, 21MX, Honeywell H316/H516, MITS Altair 8800, with both 8080 and Z80, Royal-Mcbee LGP-30, LGP-21, Scientific Data Systems SDS 940  

+* [Vintage Calculators . com|http://vintagecalculators.com/] - A celebration of old calculators showing the evolution from mechanical calculator to pocket electronic calculator.  

+* [Unix Haters Handbook|http://www.simson.net/ref/ugh.pdf] 

+* [Bell Systems Technical Journal|http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1538-7305c/issues?activeYear=1922] 1922-1983. Includes the invention of the transistor, Shannon's Law of information, invention of CCD, etc.*[Internet Archive|http://www.archive.org] - See web pages archived from 1996 on.  

+* [Internet Historical Society|http://history-internet.org] - A history of the net, with lots of links.  

+* [FCC Short History of internet|http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/internet/] - Something to Share, Common Standards, Making the Connections  

+* [Living Internet|http://www.livinginternet.com/] - An elegantly organized tour of the Internet, both fun and informative, a rare combination!  

+* [Teletext|http://teletext.mb21.co.uk/] - Data broadcasting on the Vertical Blanking Interval 

+* [Heathkit|http://www.heathkit-museum.com] - Revists the Heathkit age which began in the late 1940's and lasted through the early 1990's.  

+* [Bell Systems Technical Journal|http://http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1538-7305c/issues?activeYear=1922] 1922-1983. Includes the invention of the transistor, Shannon's Law of information, invention of CCD, etc.  

+* [Bill's Retro World|http://www.billsretroworld.com/] - Nice collection of photos from old television programs, advertisements, and general photos from the 1950s and 1960s.  

+* [Carl and Jerry|http://home.gwi.net/~jdebell/pe/cj/cnjindex.htm]- The Carl and Jerry stories from Popular Electronics, October 1954 through December 1964  

+* [Classic Tek|http://classictek.org/] - WONDERFUL site full of manuals, photos, video, and other info on Tektronix.  

+* [Derek's Virtual Slide Rule Gallery|http://www.antiquark.com/sliderule/sim/] - Real nice simulations of slide rules!  

+* [Einstein Papers Project|http://www.einstein.caltech.edu/] - The collected papers of Albert Einstein.  

+* [Hearing Aid Museum|http://www.hearingaidmuseum.com/] - From ear trumpets to carbon microphones to vacuum tubes, to transistors, to digital signal processors. Hearing aids have changed over the years.  

+* [Mark Cselle's History of Technology Page|http://technology.niagarac.on.ca/staff/mcsele/history.htm] - Extensive information on history of power generation, telephone, computers, vacuum tubes, etc..  

+* [Mike's Electric Stuff|http://www.electricstuff.co.uk/] has a nice collection of info on vaccum tubes, Nixies, and more.  

+* [The Oughtred Society|http://www.oughtred.org/] - The Oughtred Society was founded in 1991 by a group of slide rule collectors and is dedicated to the preservation and history of slide rules and other calculating instruments. In the past fourteen years it has evolved to an international organization with members in 22 countries. It is noted for its highly acclaimed Journal of the Oughtred Society,  

+* [Philbrick Archive|http://www.philbrickarchive.org/] - This site is a free non-profit repository of materials from GAP/R George A Philbrick Researches, the company that launched the commercial use of the Operational Amplifier in 1952.  

+* [Radio Shack Catalogs|http://www.radioshackcatalogs.com/] - Excellent collection of Radio Shack print catalogs from the first 1939 catalog through 2003.  

+* [Semiconductor Museum|http://semiconductormuseum.com/Museum_Index.htm] - Great collection of photographs and oral histories of the developments of semiconductors. For example, an oral history describes the development of the 2N2222, which was released in 1962 and is still being designed into products today.  

+* Telharmonium - The Telharmonium (also known as the Dynamophone) was an early electronic musical instrument, developed by Thaddeus Cahill in 1897. The Telharmonium was intended to be listened to using telephone receivers.  

+ * [Wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telharmonium]  

+ * [Magic Music From The Telharmonium Documentary|http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPlbXl81Rs0] on ~YouTube  

+* [Tesla Wardenclyffe Project|http://www.teslascience.org/] - mission is the preservation and adaptive reuse of Wardenclyffe, the century-old laboratory of electrical pioneer Nikola Tesla located in Shoreham, Long Island, New York. 

+* [Watthourmeters.com|http://watthourmeters.com/] - An online reference to US made watthour meters.  

+* [Weston Engineering Notes|http://www.slbench.com/Home/westonengineeringnotes-1] - "Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, founded in 1888, is responsible for many important developments in the electrical engineering field. Several years ago, I came across a 3 year collection of Weston Engineering Notes starting in 1946. This was a far different time and many of the things we take for granted today weren't even dreams of the future yet. Clicking the above logo will give you an enlarged sketch of an engineer's desk. Engineering and physics books (complete with log tables) close at hand. The ever present slide rule, a sharp pencil, drafting triangle and the all-important eraser being important tools of the trade. A tube and a large can capacitor are part of a current project. An analog meter waiting to prove or dis-prove the latest theory. The pipe to be used while pondering the latest developments and speculating about the future." 

+* [Advanced Research & Technology]  

+* [Altec]  

+* [Amalgamated Wireless (Australiasia) Ltd.] (AWA)- Formed from Marconi and Telefunken interests before the First World War to resolve patent difficulties. Partly government owned, it provided Australia's coastal wireless services and overseas radio links. AWA had close links to RCA & Britsh Marconi. A lot of its domestic and professional products were closely patterned on RCA designs.  

+* [American Electronic Laboratories] (AEL) - Transmitter manufacturer in the 1970s.  

+* AmperexElectronicCorporation - Manufacuter of vacuum tubes  

+* [Ampex] manufactured audio and video tape recorders.  

+* [Amperite] time delay relays 

+* [Advanced Research & Technology]  

+* [Altec]  

+* [Amalgamated Wireless (Australiasia) Ltd.] (AWA)- Formed from Marconi and Telefunken interests before the First World War to resolve patent difficulties. Partly government owned, it provided Australia's coastal wireless services and overseas radio links. AWA had close links to RCA & Britsh Marconi. A lot of its domestic and professional products were closely patterned on RCA designs.  

+* [American Electronic Laboratories] (AEL) - Transmitter manufacturer in the 1970s.  

+* AmperexElectronicCorporation - Manufacuter of vacuum tubes  

+* [Ampex] manufactured audio and video tape recorders.  

+* [Amperite] time delay relays